is bet365 legal in india 2018

Bet365, one of the world’s leading online gambling companies, has attracted a significant number of users from various countries, including India. However, the legality of using Bet365 in India can be a complex issue due to the country’s unique regulatory framework. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal status of Bet365 in India as of 2018. Understanding Indian Gambling Laws Before delving into the specifics of Bet365, it’s essential to understand the broader context of gambling laws in India.

  • Lucky Ace Palace
    new
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Cash King Palace
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

Bet365, one of the world’s leading online gambling companies, has attracted a significant number of users from various countries, including India. However, the legality of using Bet365 in India can be a complex issue due to the country’s unique regulatory framework. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal status of Bet365 in India as of 2018.

Understanding Indian Gambling Laws

Before delving into the specifics of Bet365, it’s essential to understand the broader context of gambling laws in India.

Key Points:

  • Federal vs. State Laws: India operates under a dual system of federal and state laws. While the federal government has the authority to regulate certain aspects of gambling, individual states have the power to enact their own laws.
  • Public Gambling Act of 1867: This is the primary federal law governing gambling in India. It prohibits public gambling and the maintenance of gambling houses. However, it does not explicitly mention online gambling.
  • State-Level Regulations: Some states have enacted specific laws to regulate gambling, while others have not. For instance, states like Goa and Sikkim have legalized certain forms of gambling, including casinos.

Bet365’s Operations in India

Bet365 offers a wide range of gambling services, including sports betting, casino games, and poker. However, its legal status in India is influenced by several factors.

Key Points:

  • Online Presence: Bet365 operates through its website and mobile applications, which are accessible in India. The company does not have a physical presence in the country.
  • Payment Methods: Bet365 allows Indian users to deposit and withdraw funds using Indian Rupees (INR) and various payment methods, including credit/debit cards and e-wallets.
  • Taxation: Indian users are required to pay taxes on their winnings, as per the Income Tax Act of 1961.

The legality of Bet365 in India has been a subject of debate and legal challenges.

Key Points:

  • Intermediary Liability: Some legal experts argue that Bet365, as an intermediary, should not be held liable under Indian laws unless it actively promotes illegal gambling.
  • Court Cases: There have been instances where Indian courts have ruled against online gambling platforms, but these cases often involve local operators rather than international companies like Bet365.
  • Government Stance: The Indian government has not taken a definitive stance on the legality of online gambling platforms like Bet365. However, there have been calls for stricter regulation and potential bans.

User Considerations

Given the legal uncertainties, Indian users of Bet365 should consider several factors before engaging with the platform.

Key Points:

  • Risk of Prosecution: While there have been no high-profile cases against individual users of Bet365, there is always a risk of legal action, especially if the government decides to enforce stricter regulations.
  • Financial Transactions: Users should be cautious about their financial transactions and ensure they comply with Indian tax laws.
  • Responsible Gambling: Users should practice responsible gambling and be aware of the potential risks associated with online gambling.

As of 2018, the legality of Bet365 in India remains ambiguous. While the platform is accessible to Indian users and operates without significant interference, the legal landscape is complex and subject to change. Users should exercise caution and stay informed about any developments in Indian gambling laws.

Final Thoughts:

  • Legal Uncertainty: The lack of clear regulations makes it difficult to definitively state whether Bet365 is legal in India.
  • User Responsibility: Indian users of Bet365 should be aware of the legal risks and practice responsible gambling.
  • Future Developments: It is crucial to monitor any changes in Indian gambling laws that could impact the status of Bet365 and other online gambling platforms.

In summary, while Bet365 remains operational in India as of 2018, its legal status is far from settled, and users should proceed with caution.

Bet365, one of the world’s leading online gambling platforms, has garnered significant attention from Indian users. However, the legality of using Bet365 in India is a complex issue that requires a detailed understanding of both Indian and international laws. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal status of Bet365 in India.

Understanding Indian Gambling Laws

The Public Gambling Act of 1867

  • Central Law: The Public Gambling Act of 1867 is a central law that prohibits public gambling and the maintenance of common gaming houses.
  • State Amendments: Many states have their own amendments and regulations that further define gambling activities within their jurisdictions.

The Information Technology Act of 2000

  • Online Activities: This act addresses various aspects of online activities, including gambling. However, it does not explicitly mention online betting or gambling.

State-Level Regulations

  • Varied Laws: Different states in India have different laws regarding gambling. For example, states like Goa and Sikkim have legalized certain forms of gambling, including casinos.

Offshore Operations

  • Bet365’s Location: Bet365 operates from the United Kingdom, making it an offshore gambling platform.
  • Indian Laws: Indian laws primarily focus on operators within the country. Offshore operators like Bet365 are not directly addressed by Indian gambling laws.

Payment and Financial Transactions

  • Banking Restrictions: Indian banks are generally prohibited from processing transactions related to online gambling.
  • Alternative Methods: Users often resort to alternative payment methods, such as e-wallets and cryptocurrency, to bypass banking restrictions.
  • Gray Area: The legal status of using Bet365 in India falls into a gray area. While there is no explicit law prohibiting Indian citizens from using offshore gambling platforms, there are risks associated with financial transactions and potential legal repercussions.

Risks and Considerations

Financial Risks

  • Transaction Issues: Users may face difficulties in depositing and withdrawing funds due to banking restrictions.
  • Fraud and Scams: The use of alternative payment methods can expose users to potential fraud and scams.
  • Prosecution: Although rare, there is a risk of prosecution for using offshore gambling platforms. Users should be aware of the potential legal consequences.

Ethical Considerations

  • Responsible Gambling: Users should practice responsible gambling and be aware of the potential risks associated with excessive betting.

While Bet365 is not explicitly illegal in India, its use falls into a legal gray area. Indian users should be cautious and aware of the potential financial and legal risks associated with using offshore gambling platforms. It is advisable to stay informed about the latest legal developments and practice responsible gambling.

Key Takeaways

  • Legal Complexity: The legality of Bet365 in India is complex and varies by state.
  • Offshore Operations: Bet365 operates from the UK, making it an offshore platform.
  • Risks: Users face financial and legal risks, including banking restrictions and potential prosecution.
  • Responsibility: Practice responsible gambling and stay informed about legal developments.

bet365bannedinindia

In recent years, the online gambling industry has seen significant growth, with platforms like Bet365 becoming household names. However, the landscape of online gambling is not uniform across the globe, and certain regions have imposed restrictions on these platforms. One such region is India, where Bet365 has been banned. This article delves into the reasons behind this ban, its implications, and what Indian bettors can do in response.

Before understanding why Bet365 is banned in India, it’s essential to grasp the legal framework governing online gambling in the country.

Key Points:

  • Federal vs. State Laws: India’s gambling laws are a mix of federal and state regulations. The Public Gambling Act of 1867 is the primary federal law, but it is outdated and does not explicitly address online gambling.
  • State-Level Variations: Each state in India has the authority to regulate gambling within its borders. Some states have legalized certain forms of gambling, while others have strict bans.
  • Technological Advancements: The rapid growth of the internet and online platforms has outpaced the legal framework, leading to ambiguity and varying interpretations of the law.

Why is Bet365 Banned in India?

Bet365’s ban in India can be attributed to several factors, primarily revolving around legal and regulatory challenges.

1. Lack of Clarity in Indian Gambling Laws

  • The existing laws are not equipped to handle the complexities of online gambling. This lack of clarity creates a legal grey area that authorities are cautious about navigating.

2. State-Level Restrictions

  • Some Indian states have explicitly banned online gambling, including platforms like Bet365. These bans are often enforced through internet service providers (ISPs) blocking access to these websites.

3. Financial Transactions

  • Indian banks and financial institutions are prohibited from processing transactions related to online gambling. This makes it difficult for Indian users to deposit or withdraw funds on platforms like Bet365.

4. Public Policy Concerns

  • There are concerns about the social impact of online gambling, including addiction and financial losses. These concerns have led to a more conservative approach towards regulating online gambling platforms.

Implications of the Ban

The ban on Bet365 in India has several implications for both the platform and its users.

For Bet365:

  • Loss of Market Share: India is a significant market for online gambling, and losing access to it represents a substantial financial loss.
  • Reputation Damage: The ban can damage Bet365’s reputation, especially if it is perceived as not complying with local regulations.

For Indian Users:

  • Limited Options: With Bet365 banned, Indian users have fewer options for online gambling platforms.
  • Increased Risk: Users may turn to unregulated or offshore platforms, increasing the risk of fraud and financial loss.

Alternatives for Indian Bettors

While Bet365 is banned in India, there are still options available for bettors who wish to engage in online gambling.

1. Domestic Platforms

  • Some Indian states have legalized certain forms of online gambling, and domestic platforms operate within these legal frameworks.

2. Offshore Platforms

  • Users can access offshore gambling platforms that are not subject to Indian regulations. However, this comes with the risk of using unregulated services.

3. Cryptocurrency Transactions

  • Some users are turning to cryptocurrencies to bypass the restrictions on financial transactions. This method allows for more anonymity and circumvents traditional banking restrictions.

The ban on Bet365 in India highlights the complexities and challenges of regulating online gambling in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. While the ban has significant implications for both the platform and its users, it also underscores the need for a more comprehensive and modernized legal framework to address the realities of online gambling. Until such a framework is established, Indian bettors will need to navigate the legal grey areas carefully and consider alternative platforms and methods to engage in online gambling.

bet365legalinindia

Bet365 is one of the most popular online betting platforms globally, known for its extensive range of sports betting options, casino games, and live betting features. However, the legality of using Bet365 in India can be a bit complex due to the country’s unique regulatory landscape. Here’s a detailed look at the legal status of Bet365 in India.

Understanding Indian Gambling Laws

The Public Gambling Act of 1867

  • Central Law: This is the primary legislation governing gambling in India.
  • State-Level Variations: Each state in India has the authority to create its own gambling laws, leading to a patchwork of regulations.

Online Gambling

  • Ambiguity: The Public Gambling Act does not explicitly address online gambling, creating a legal grey area.
  • State Regulations: Some states like Sikkim and Goa have legalized online gambling, while others have strict prohibitions.

Offshore Betting Platforms

  • Legal Loophole: Bet365 operates from outside India, making it technically an offshore betting platform.
  • User Access: Indian users can access Bet365, but the legality of placing bets depends on state laws.

Payment Methods

  • Currency Conversion: Indian users often use INR for betting, requiring currency conversion.
  • Payment Gateways: Popular methods include e-wallets and international credit cards, which are generally accepted.

Risks and Considerations

  • State Laws: Users in states with strict gambling laws may face legal consequences.
  • Account Seizure: There is a risk of account seizure or legal action if caught violating local laws.

Financial Risks

  • Currency Fluctuations: Users may face losses due to currency exchange rate fluctuations.
  • Payment Issues: There can be complications with deposits and withdrawals due to regulatory restrictions.

Steps to Use Bet365 Safely in India

Research Local Laws

  • State-Specific: Understand the gambling laws in your state before using Bet365.
  • Legal Advice: Consult legal experts if unsure about the legal implications.

Use Reliable Payment Methods

  • E-Wallets: Opt for trusted e-wallet services for deposits and withdrawals.
  • Secure Transactions: Ensure all transactions are secure to avoid financial fraud.

Stay Informed

  • Updates: Keep abreast of any changes in Indian gambling laws that may affect your use of Bet365.
  • Responsible Gambling: Practice responsible gambling to avoid financial and legal pitfalls.

While Bet365 is accessible to Indian users, the legality of using the platform varies significantly across different states in India. It is crucial for users to understand their local laws and take necessary precautions to avoid legal and financial risks. Always prioritize responsible gambling and stay informed about the regulatory landscape to ensure a safe betting experience.

Source

  1. is bet365 legal in india 2018
  2. is bet365 legal in india 2018
  3. is bet365 legal in india 2018
  4. is bet365 legal in india 2018
  5. is bet365 legal in india 2018
  6. is bet365 legal in india 2018

Frequently Questions

What is the Legal Status of Bet365 in India in 2018?

In 2018, Bet365 faced legal challenges in India due to the country's complex gambling laws. While online sports betting is not explicitly illegal, the Public Gambling Act of 1867 and various state laws regulate gambling activities. Bet365 operated cautiously, focusing on sports like cricket, which are popular and less contentious. The company navigated legal uncertainties by using offshore servers and targeting high-net-worth individuals. Despite these measures, the legal status remained ambiguous, with potential risks for both the company and its users. As of 2018, Bet365's operations in India were a delicate balance between opportunity and regulatory risk.

Is Bet365 Legal or Illegal in India?

Bet365 operates legally in India under certain conditions. The legality primarily depends on the state's individual regulations. In states like Sikkim and Nagaland, online betting is permitted with specific licenses. However, other states may have different laws. Bet365 adheres to these regulations by obtaining necessary permissions and ensuring compliance. It's crucial for users to verify their local laws before engaging with Bet365 to avoid any legal repercussions. Overall, while Bet365 is not universally legal across India, it is permissible in regions with appropriate licenses.

 

Is Bet365 Considered Legal in India?

Bet365 operates legally in India under certain conditions. While online gambling is not regulated uniformly across the country, Bet365 adheres to the laws of the states where it is permitted. For instance, in Sikkim and Nagaland, online sports betting is legal, and Bet365 complies with local regulations. However, in other states, the legality of online betting remains ambiguous. Users should verify local laws and regulations before engaging with Bet365 to ensure compliance with Indian legal standards. Bet365's operations are primarily governed by the UK Gambling Commission, which ensures a high standard of legal and ethical conduct.

Is Bet365 Legal in India: Legal Status Explained

Bet365 is legally accessible in India, although the legality varies by state due to differing gambling laws. The Public Gambling Act of 1867, which is the central law, does not prohibit online betting. However, states like Maharashtra have explicitly banned it. Bet365 operates under licenses from jurisdictions like the UK and Gibraltar, which allows it to offer services in India. Users should be aware of their local laws and regulations before engaging in online betting. Despite the legal complexities, Bet365 remains a popular choice for many Indian bettors due to its extensive betting options and user-friendly platform.

What Are the Legal Implications of Using Bet365 in India?

Using Bet365 in India involves several legal implications. While online betting is not explicitly illegal under Indian law, it is regulated by individual state laws, many of which prohibit it. Bet365 operates under offshore licenses, which may not be recognized in India. Users could face legal consequences if caught engaging in online betting in states where it is prohibited. Additionally, financial transactions related to online betting could be scrutinized. It is crucial for users to understand and comply with local laws to avoid potential legal issues. Always consult legal experts for specific advice tailored to your situation.